NTC temperature sensors (Negative Temperature Coefficient) comprise NTC thermistors, probes (such as metal housings, plastic housings, epoxy encapsulation, glass encapsulation, etc.), electronic wires, and terminal connectors.
1. Temperature-Sensing Element : The core component of an NTC temperature sensor is the temperature-sensing element, made from semiconductor materials (such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, etc.) to form NTC chips. These materials exhibit a negative temperature coefficient characteristic, where the resistance decreases as the temperature increases.NTC chips are available in two types: gold electrode and silver electrode. Gold electrode chips are coated with gold paste, while silver electrode chips are coated with silver paste. These coatings facilitate signal transmission and connection.NTC chips can also be encapsulated using epoxy or glass to create various temperature-sensing components.
2. Form Factor Design : NTC temperature sensors’ form factor and material can be customized according to different applications and requirements. Common shapes include bullet-type, straight-tube type, and ground-ring type. Materials such as 316L stainless steel, R8-5M nickel-plated brass ground ring, nickel, and brass are used, and the selection can be based on the specific application environment and operating conditions.
3. Leads : Leads serve as the conductors connecting the sensor to the main control board, ensuring accurate transmission of temperature signals. Common lead materials include PVC, XLPE, and TEFLON, and they can be configured as double parallel wires, single wires, or jacketed wires. These materials have different temperature resistance properties and can be customized according to application requirements. 4.Terminals/Connectors : Terminals/connectors connect control boards, PCBs, etc., ensuring a stable connection between the sensor and the control system. The material selection can be based on the connection method and application environment.NTC thermistors are semiconductor ceramic components made primarily from transition metal oxides (such as nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, etc.) and formed through high-temperature sintering. They exhibit a very large negative temperature coefficient, where the resistance changes with ambient temperature or self-heating due to current flow. Under a certain measurement power, the resistance decreases rapidly as the temperature rises. By measuring the resistance of the NTC thermistor, the corresponding temperature can be determined, thus enabling temperature detection and control.Application Scenarios of NTC Temperature Sensors Due to their high precision, reliability, and sensitivity, NTC temperature sensors are widely used in various fields such as new energy vehicles, high-end consumer electronics, automated office equipment, energy storage, and industrial control.

NTC thermistor researched, developed and produced by JZJ Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., with high sensitivity, rapid response speed, high precision etc., which is widely used in a variety of electronic products, such as power bank, tablet PCs, mobile phones, laptops, all kinds of small household appliances and so on. Among them, in the power bank, NTC thermistor plays the role of temperature monitoring and temperature control, so that the power bank can operate safely.

Power bank is divided into four parts throughout the charging process, namely, pre-charging, constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and maintenance charging, all of which are related to temperature. For the entire charging process to be safe and efficient, NTC thermistors are required for temperature monitoring and temperature controlling. Because in the process of using power bank to charge the phone, the power bank will have a exothermic situation. If in the normal exothermic range, this can be ignored; But if there is abnormal heating, it will pose a threat to the phone and personal safety, in serious cases, which will cause a security incident.

Therefore, the role of NTC thermistors in power bank is very important. Thermistor is usually placed in battery of power bank for temperature monitoring and temperature controlling during charging the phone, allowing the power bank to operate within a safe range. Thus, it can reduce the chance of abnormal heating in the charging process, improve the battery life of the power bank, and ensure personal safety. IT series – miniature insulated lead NTC thermistor of JZJ Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., which size of epoxy coating head is small, accuracy is high (precision can reach to ±0.1%), so it’s suitable for a variety of specifications of battery internal temperature monitoring and temperature controlling.

At present, most NTC thermistors on the market are made from ceramic processes based on metal oxides such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, etc.. Now, NTC thermistors are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, environmental detection and so on. In recent years, our NTC manufacturers in varieties and production scale of NTC thermistor have made new progress. Isostatic pressure technology, thick film technology, etc., in production, application of NTC component has been improved and popularized. The change range of NTC thermistor at room temperature is 10Ω to 1000000Ω, temperature coefficient is -2% to -6.5%. However, in the existing production methods, the temperature control accuracy generally reaches 0.3℃ to 1.5℃, although some products can control the temperature accuracy within 0.2℃, but only limited to a single point or a narrow temperature range. In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technology, let’s introduce a medical high-precision NTC thermistor which is high precision, wide measurement range, and it can achieve multi-point measurement accuracy of up to 0.2℃ of the production.
This producing method of medical high-precision NTC thermistors includes the following steps:                           1)Powder preparation: on the basis of the target B value, prepare powder in proportion, the main components of powder are CoO, NiO, MnO, CuO, ZnO, MgO, FeO, CrO, ZrO, TiO, etc..
2)Ball milling: put the prepared powder into the rolling tankand add the Zirconium balls, and add a certain ratio of solvents in twice. Solvents mainly include: ethanol, toluene, dispersant, CK24, plasticizer. The main purpose of ball milling is to make the powder mix evenly and grind into nano powder;
3)Thin stripisostatic pressing: the ball-milled slurry is made into thin strip by Tape Casting Method, the thickness of thin strip is 70μm ± 2μm; Then the formed thin strips are peeled, laminated, sliced and finally pressed into embryo ceramics with hot water;
4)Raw spindle sintering: the pressured raw spindle ceramics are kept for 2~3 hours in a high temperature sintering furnace, which is slowly increased to 1120~1350℃ at the rate of 1℃/min;And then slowly reduced to 100℃ at the rate of 1℃/min; After that, cooling down naturally.
5)Ceramic chip silverprinting: the prepared silver paste is printed on the two ends of the NTC ceramicn chip with the silver printing equipment, electrode layers are formed at both ends of the NTC ceramic chips; Get NTC silver chips;
6)Silverchips firing: the silver-printed NTC silver chips sintered through the silver-firing furnace, so that the silver layers and the ceramic chips fully bonded to form a fixed structure;
7)Dicing: according to the target resistance value, thesilver-fired NTC silver chips diced precisely with the slicing machine, then can get the cuboid or square NTC chips; The measuring accuracy of each point can be controlled within ±2℃ within the range of 0~70℃ to ensure the accuracy of each temperature measuring point;
8)Welding:the wire and NTC chip can welded into a second-wire resistance or three-wire resistance according to the characteristics of the product;
9)Encapsulation: second-wireresistance and third-wire resistance can be encapsulated with environmental protection adhesive;
10)Curing: the coating adhesive is fixed and formed by high-temperature constant-temperature oven curing;
11)Test sorting: sorting with the thermistortester, and finally get the medical high-precision NTC thermistor.
Medical high-precision NTC thermistor, which can be widely used in the temperature measurement, temperature control of medical industry. Its consistency, repeatability, stability is excellent, the measurement range can be in the range of 0~70℃, the accuracy of each point can be controlled within the range of ±2℃, to ensure the accuracy of each temperature point. At the same time, this thermistor not only has small size, fast response, long service life and other advantages, but also has high resistance value, the slope of temperature characteristics curve, etc.. Using medical high-precision NTC thermistor can be more accurately and effectively to play the effect of temperature measurement, temperature control, make electronic devices more stable, temperature measured more accurately to reduce test errors.

NTC thermistor is a resistance whose resistance value is very sensitive to temperature, also known as semiconductor thermistor. It’s made of single crystal, poly crystal, as well as glass, plastic and other semiconductor materials. This thermistor has a series of special electrical properties, the most basic characteristic is that its resistance value changes with temperature is very significant, and its voltage-current curve is nonlinear.
NTC thermistor are widely used in office automation communications equipment, mobile phones, cell phone batteries, LCD temperature compensation and medical equipment. At present, the NTC thermistor for mounting surface of SMD (Surface Mounted Devices), which has weak insulation, and the power circuit is prone to produce a huge surge current in the moment of power start-up, the thermistor can’t suppress the surge current in time. At the same time, with the extension of working time, thermistor in a high temperature environment will generate a lot of heat. If they can’t be discharged in time, NTC thermistor will lose the function of protecting other electronic products due to aging under high temperature loading, and shorten the service life of the resistance.
Today, let’s introduce a kind of NTC thermistor for mounting surface of SMD to address the shortcomings of the above technology.
This thermistor includes a substrate body, insulating film, NTC chip, mount holes, heat sink and ceramic rod. The substrate body of the thermistor is made of metal with an insulating film on it. NTC chip is installed in the substrate, which can effectively suppress the surge current generated in the power supply circuit. The mount hole is set up in the middle, on both sides of the mount hole are set up with heat sinks, discharge a large of amount of heat generated by NTC thermistor in time, improve the function of NTC thermistor to protect other electronic products, extend the service life of the thermistor. Ceramic rods are arranged between heat sinks to improve the current resistance of NTC chips.
NTC thermistor, NTC chip produced by JZJ Electronics Technology Co., Ltd. With characteristics of high stability, high sensitivity, high precision, fast response, which can effectively reduce losses, to prevent overcurrent situation.

In recent years, people gradually improve the comfort level of automotive conditioner. At present, the head of NTC thermistor of domestic automobile conditioner usually sealed by epoxy resin, in the high-tide and high-humidity harsh environment of the air-conditioning box, it’s easy to fail; And because its temperature-sensing part is outside, which is vulnerable to the temperature disturbance of conditioner box, causes an error between the induced temperature and the actual temperature, thus affect the control accuracy of conditioner.
In view of the defects in the current domestic automotive conditioner technology design, today let’s introduce an automobile conditioner, which can make NTC thermistor long-term normal and stable operation, and the induced temperature can effectively overcome the measurement error caused by the wind duct temperature field disturbance. The high-temperature resistance NTC thermistor produced by JZJ Electronics Technology Co., Ltd. is good stability, high reliability, which can be used in high -temperature environment for temperature measurement products.
This automotive air conditioner includes a temperature sensor, a socket, heat-conducting copper sheet and high-temperature resistance NTC thermistor.
The heat-conducting copper sheet is in contact with the high-temperature resistance NTC thermistor, a sealing washer is arranged on one side of the heat-conducting copper sheet and the thermistor to make the assembly more secure and the shock-absorbing effect better. The heat-conducting copper sheet is partially covered by the sensor, and the high-temperature resistance NTC thermistor is wrapped, and the pin connected to the NTC thermistor is arranged in the socket, the pin is partially encased in the body integrated with the socket.
Compared with the existing technology, from the heat transfer of NTC thermistor was changed from previous simple NTC thermistor epoxy resin coating to uniform temperature transferred by heat-conducting copper sheet, which is more stable. When the temperature changes, the heat-conducting copper sheet can sense the temperature change evenly, and timely transmission to the high-temperature resistance thermistor, so that the thermistor sensed the temperature more stable and uniform, then send the correct temperature measurement signal. At the same time, high-temperature resistance NTC thermistor is wrapped, which can effectively prevent dust, acid, alkali, salt and other corrosion, extend its service life.

Among the existing technologies, the common NTC thermistor have poor high-temperature resistance, which can lead to a series of adverse effects in most high temperature environments. For example, the epoxy resin will fall off and embrittle at a certain temperature point; When the temperature is too high, the volatile gas of epoxy resin will also erode the NTC chip, affecting its performance.
Today, let's introduce a high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor, which is made up of sintered oxide mixtures containing rare earth metals with high temperature resistance, good stability and high reliability, and can be used in automobiles or products that need to be measured in high temperature environments.
The common NTC thermistor are sintered by metal oxides such as manganese, chromium, iron and copper, which are usually not suitable for high temperature applications. Due to these metal oxides are decomposed in high temperature environments; Their maximum use temperature is limited by the fact that this type of thermistor may change irreversibly even at lower temperatures. The high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor introduced today, is a thermistor composed of a sintered oxide material containing a mixture of Terbium Oxide and a material selected from the group consisting of Samarium Oxide and Ytterbium Oxide, which can be used to measure and adjust temperature in high temperature environments.
Up to now, most experiments have used pyrometer, metal resistor or thermocouple elements for temperature measurement and temperature control. However, the data obtained by the pyrometer at temperature measurement are relatively inaccurate, so it is almost impossible to use the pyrometer for temperature control precisely. Metal resistor has a low resistance temperature coefficient of resistance so that amplifier is typically required whenever metal resistor is utilized for temperature control. Finally, thermocouple element suitable for high temperature environment can only be produced from relatively high costing platinum metals.
In existing technologies, high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor that can be used at higher or high temperatures may be made from a mixture of rare earth metal oxides and Zirconium Oxide. For example, British patent specification No.874,882 suggests a thermistor comprised of a mixture of yttrium and zirconium oxide while German Offenlegungsschrift No.2,333,189 suggests a thermistor composed of a mixture of praseodymium and zirconium oxide. However, thermistor composed of such materials exhibit a varistor effect, i.e., the resistance values of such thermistor is dependent not only upon the temperature but also on the applied voltage.
“Zeitschrift fur Electrochemie’ (Journal for Electro Chemistry) 1959, pages 269-274, suggests that the conductivity of rare earths increases with rising temperatures, however, no suggestions are made for incorporating rate earths or mixtures thereof in thermistor. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,010, 119 suggests a thermistor comprised of a mixture of neodymium oxide and samarium oxide while U.S. Pat. No. 4,010, 122 suggests a thermistor composed of a mixture of terbium oxide and erbium oxide. However, thermistor composed of such materials exhibit a relatively high specific resistance and thus can not be utilized at relatively low temperatures or over an extended operating temperature range.
The high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor introduced today, can be used in high temperature environments for temperature measurement and temperature control over a relatively large operating temperature range.This thermistor has a higher resistance coefficient and lower specific resistance, and does not exhibit a varistor effect or polarization phenomenon.
Next, let’s illustrate it with a simple making way. The initial mixture of Terbium Oxide (purity 99.9%) and Ytterbium Oxide (purity 99.9%) was prepared so that the mixture contained a terbium atom with a content of approximately 1000 cents. The mixture is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, while rare earths are routinely co-precipitated as oxalic acid salts. The precipitated oxalic acid salt is filtered out, roasted at a temperature of about 900 ℃, and then ground to produce substantially uniform oxide particles. For the production of thermistor, suitable adhesives are provided for calcined and ground-based oxidation mixtures, and beads are formed between two parallel clamping wires consisting of platinum or platinum alloys. It is then pre-dried and the thermistor beads are sintered within the temperature range of the 1550~1700℃ in the appropriate furnace containing the oxidation atmosphere. The resulting high temperature-resistant NTC thermistor is tested at high temperatures to obtain its specific resistance. When this high temperature-resistant NTC thermistor is used in an active environment, it is best to provide a protective coating or housing for the thermistor.
Next, let's illustrate it with a simple making way. A starting mixture of terbium oxide (purity of 99.9%) and ytterbium oxide (purity of 99.9%) was prepared so that the mixture contained about 10 atom % of terbium. This mixture was dissolved in hydrochloric acid and the rare earths were then conventionally coprecipitated as oxalates. The precipitated oxalates were filtered off, calcinated at a temperature of about 900℃ and then finally ground to produce substantially uniform size oxide particles. For the production of a thermistor, the calcinated and ground oxide mixture was provided with a suitable bonding agent and formed into a bead between two parallelly clamped wires composed of platinum or a platinum alloy. This structure was then subjected to a preliminary drying and the thermistor bead was then sintered at temperatures in the range of about 1550 to 1700℃ in a suitable furnace containing an oxidizing atmosphere. The resultant high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor is subjected to a high temperature environment and the specific resistance thereof measured. When this high-temperature resistant NTC thermistor is utilized in a reactive environment, it is preferable to provide a protective coating or housing for the thermistor.